Lowering Australia's defence against infectious diseases.

he Australian Government’s recent decision not to renew federal funding for the Master of Applied Epidemiology (MAE) program at the Australian National University (ANU) puts the nation’s public health response capacity at serious risk. This program has provided the investigative backbone to the Communicable Diseases Network Australia for nearly 20 years. A charitable view is that its disestablishment came about as an administrative accident — collateral damage when Cabinet decided to terminate the much larger Public Health Education and Research Program (PHERP) after a 20-year funding cycle had reached its promised end. Funding for the MAE was rolled into the PHERP quite recently as an administrative convenience, after being supported through a distinct funding stream for most of its life, but the two are in fact very different types of public health activity. Although other PHERP-funded courses are traditional campusbased degree programs, the MAE puts its intake of outstanding health professionals through intensive field apprenticeships as disease detectives. Over 2 years, trainees undertake brief campusbased training blocks, but, for most of their time, they are placed at health agencies around the nation where they are immersed in disease surveillance and outbreak investigations. They serve as a flying squad to respond at short notice to unusual infectious disease events that present potential threats to the population’s health. The program has been a bargain for the government, with a budget under $2 million per year (the cost of about six tertiary hospital beds), which meets trainees’ stipends and supports a small team of academic supervisors. Over two decades, 160 MAE trainees have played central roles in stemming the spread of about 200 epidemics, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza, Hendra virus, foodborne infections, and many others. Their work has generated over 500 academic publications, often of national and global public health significance. The program was originally modelled on the world-renowned Epidemic Intelligence Service at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States. The Australian MAE has helped spawn equivalent programs in China, India, Indonesia and Malaysia. In addition to serving as a standing national response team during their 2-year apprenticeship, graduates of the MAE program have gone on to become national, and in some cases international, leaders in public health. The employment distribution of 104 non-Indigenous graduates who completed a survey recently is shown in the Box. T